How to use «c'est» vs «il est»
The single rule that fixes the most common French mistake learners make. Plus a quick decision flow with examples.
Worlex editorial
If you've ever paused mid-sentence wondering whether to say «c'est» or «il est», you're not alone. The rule is shorter than most textbooks make it.
The core rule
- Use il/elle est + bare adjective (no article).
- Use c'est + article + noun (un, une, le, la, mon, etc.).
- When in doubt: is there an article after? → c'est.
Quick examples
Il est médecin.
He is a doctor.
Profession, no article — il est.
C'est un bon médecin.
He's a good doctor.
Article + noun — c'est.
Elle est française.
She is French.
Adjective alone.
C'est une Française.
She's a French woman.
Noun with article.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Is «c'est» ever followed by an adjective alone?
Yes — when commenting generally: «C'est génial!» («That's awesome!»). But to describe a specific person, use il/elle est.
What about «il est avocat» vs «c'est un avocat»?
Both are correct. «Il est avocat» states the profession plainly; «C'est un avocat» introduces him as a lawyer (more like «He's a lawyer»).
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